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Aluminum reactivity with food series#

Distribution of pieces of magnesium ribbon should be supervised to avoid students taking several pieces and experimenting later with igniting them.

Magnesium ribbon, Mg(s) – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC059a. Magnesium turnings are HIGHLY FLAMMABLE.

Iron filings, Fe(s) – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC055a.

Copper, Cu(s) – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC026.

What matters is that each group has at least two metals that react readily and one that does not.

The selection of metals can vary according to what is available as small granules (up to 5 mm), coarse filings or foil.

Read our standard health and safety guidance.

Dilute sulfuric acid, 0.5 M (IRRITANT), 50 cm 3.

Small zinc granules, approximately 5 g in a labelled container.

Small granules, coarse filings, or foil pieces of these metals in small labelled containers: copper, iron, magnesium, zinc.

Dilute sulfuric acid, 0.5 M (IRRITANT), 25 cm 3.

With occasional checks, it should be possible to decide when to decant surplus solution from each dish to leave good crystals for the students to inspect in the following lesson. However, the dishes should not be allowed to dry out completely, as this spoils the quality of the crystals. In this case, the crystallisation dishes need to be set aside for crystallisation to take place slowly.

The evaporation and crystallisation stages may well be incomplete in the time available for Lesson 2.

Ceramic gauzes can be used instead of pipeclay triangles to support the evaporating basin, but the evaporation will then take longer.

Evaporating basin, at least 50 cm 3 capacity.

Pipeclay triangle or ceramic gauze (see note 1).

Filter funnel, approximately 65 mm diameter.

Corks or bungs to fit test tubes loosely, x2.

Test tubes, 100 mm x 16 mm or similar, x8.Using small granules helps to reduce the time taken. The time taken for the reaction depends on the particle size of the metal used. Lesson 2, in which the salt formed is recovered by crystallisation, takes longer, and the class needs to be reliable enough in behaviour and manipulative skills to cope with the hazards involved in heating acidic solutions in beakers on tripods. The range of metals and acids tested can be extended to a teacher demonstration in the concluding part of this lesson. Each working group needs a small selection of metals and acids to test. This should take around 40 minutes, and most classes should be able to do this version.

Aluminum reactivity with food series#

Lesson 1 is a series of test tube experiments in which each working group establishes as a common feature that hydrogen is given off as metals react with an acid – if the metal reacts at all. It can then be done on a larger scale (lesson 2 below), and the salts formed can be recovered by crystallisation. This establishes that hydrogen production is a characteristic property of the reaction of metals and acids.

The experiment is done first on a smaller scale using test tubes (lesson 1 below), with no attempt to recover the salts formed. RSC Yusuf Hamied Inspirational Science Programme.Introductory maths for higher education.The physics of restoration and conservation.